Global Positioning System Reference
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Emerging New Trends in Hybrid Vehicle
Localization Systems
Nabil Drawil and Otman Basir
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo
Canada
1. Introduction
Over the last decade, vehicle localization has been attracting attention in a wide range of
applications. A number of localization techniques have been developed to serve a variety
of applications Al-Bayari & Sadoun (2005); Aono et al. (1998); Bouju et al. (2002); Cramer
(1997); Dao et al. (2002); Drawil & Basir (2010); Jabbour, Cherfaoui & Bonnifait (2006); Lai
& Tsai (2003); Nishimura et al. (1996); Sliety (2007); Stockus et al. (2000). In recent years,
the focus has been on localization accuracy improvement - an issue considered crucial,
specially in mission critical applications. For instance, for emergency response systems, such
as the eCall system, to deliver on their task they need reliable and accurate localization
capabilities. These capabilities are becoming as important in other applications, including,
accident avoidance and management, navigation systems, location sensitive billing systems,
location based services.
The focus of much recent research in localization has been on improving accuracy through
the use of multiple localization modalities. This chapter provides a review on multi-modality
based localization techniques and establishes a categorization of such techniques based on
the type of measurement and the strategy employed to fuse measurements from multiple
localization sources.
Although these techniques have demonstrated significant performance improvement, there
remain situations that give rise to degraded localization accuracy. Moreover, current
localization systems lack in their ability to reliably quantify the accuracy of localization
estimates, neither the means by which sources of localization information are properly
discounted based on reliability/accuracy merits.
In this chapter, a novel framework is proposed to tackle the aforementioned issues. The
proposed framework fuses different localization techniques in order to improve their location
estimates, and provides a location reliability assessment that captures the integrity of the
estimates. Knowledge about estimate integrity allows the system to plan the use of its
localization resources so as to match the target accuracy of the application. The proposed
framework provides the tools that would allow for modeling the impact of the operation
conditions on estimate integrity, as such it enables more robust system performance.
2. Motion and GPS measurement data fusion
Differential GPS (DGPS) and Assisted GPS (A-GPS) are two advanced types of GPS
technologies that provide a high level of accuracy and fast retrieving rate. Nevertheless, using
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