Global Positioning System Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 5. Rover installation
In addition to the geodetic receivers, GIS L1 receivers with their external antennas were
used in the experiments. As previously, the characteristics of these instruments are
summarized in the Table 3 .
Zeno 10
(Leica Geosystems)
GRS-1
(Topcon)
GeoXH
(Trimble)
Image
Antenna
LEIAT502
TPSPG_A5
TRM53406.00
Nr. of channels
14
72
220
Constellations
GPS+GLONASS
GPS+GLONASS
GPS only
Position update rate
5 Hz
N/A
1 Hz
External antenna
Yes
Yes
Yes
Time to first position
35 รท 120 s
N/A
45 s
RTCM 2.x
RTCM 3.0
CMR / CMR+
RTCM 2.x
RTCM 3.0
CMR / CMR+
RTCM 2.x
RTCM 3.0
CMR / CMR+
Type of protocols
Phase corrections
Yes
Yes
No
Internal modem
Yes
Yes
No
Type of connection
GSM/UMTS 3.5G
GSM
No
Table 3. GIS instruments
7. Real time positioning accuracies
The results reported below are average values, considered significant for the two sets of
instruments used in the experiments. All data collected during the experiment were
analysed using two types of charts:
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