Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table A.5
E f fi ciency of vertical lateral resisting systems for seismic applications (
relative measure
).
Vertical lateral resisting system
Stiffness
Strength
Ductility
Suitability
Max. number
of storeys
Seismic
application
Moment - resisting frame
L
H
H
15 - 20
✓
✓
Braced frame
H
H
L - M
20 - 30
✓
Structural wall
H
H
L - M
25 - 30
✓
Hybrid (or dual) frame
H
H
M - H
30 - 40
✓
✓
Outrigger - braced frame
H
H
L - M
50 - 60
✓
Framed tube system
H
H
M - H
60 - 70
✓
✓
Tube - in - tube system
H
H
M - H
70 - 80
✓
✓
Trussed tube system
H
H
M - H
80 - 100
✓
✓
Bundled tube system
H
H
M - H
120 - 150
✓
✓
Key
: H = high; M = moderate; L = low;
✓
= suitable;
✓
✓
= very suitable.
with the maximum number of storeys for which they are cost-effective. As the height increases, the
systems exhibit high lateral stiffness and strength. In high-rise structures, e.g. with number of storeys
greater than 30-40, the design is often governed by drift limitations under wind loading rather than
earthquakes. The ductility for such structures can vary between moderate and high. The lateral
force-resisting systems summarized in Table A.5 are extensively utilized for RC, steel and composite
structures (CTBUH, 1995 ).
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