Digital Signal Processing Reference
In-Depth Information
8
Adaptive
Beamforming for
Multiantenna
Communications
Communications
Beamforming
Alex B. Gershman
Darmstadt University
of Technology
8.1
Introduction
Beamforming is a versatile approach to signal spatial filtering that has found numerous
applications in diverse areas, including radar, sonar, wireless communications, geophys-
ics, speech and audio processing, ultrasonic imaging, biomedicine, radio astronomy, and
other fields [1]. Early attempts of applying beamforming to wireless communications go
back to the late 1970s and early 1980s [2-4]. During the last two decades, there has been
a major trend to use multiantenna transceivers in wireless communication systems to
facilitate the explosive growth of the number of users and meet their rapidly increasing
demands for new high-data-rate services [5-20]. As a result, spatial division multiple
access (SDMA) technology recently became one of the key concepts in third and higher
generations of mobile communication systems. In particular, the receive (uplink) and
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