Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6 What each sector contributes
Government
Academe
Associations/NGOs
Industry
Policy direction
TT theories/frameworks
Philanthropy
Licensees
Supportive laws
Educated knowledge
workforce
Jobs
Jobs
Idea leadership
Idea leadership
Social entrepreneurship
Idea leadership
Export assistance
Leading-edge curriculum
Licensees
Taxes
Interns
Networking
Philanthropy
Funding. Subsidies for
young but essential
future industries.
Enhanced local quality
of life
Economic development
initiatives
Investment
Invention
Invention
Invention
Invention
from surrounding Chinese culture and more tolerant of Western styles of invest-
ment and entrepreneurship (Young
2010
).
The park has had successes, including attracting 200 companies and the par-
ticipation of the US' Purdue University. However, some tenant companies are
headed by sons of top Communist party officials. This implies that strict
meritocracy has not been adopted. The park's companies have been accused of
violating WTO rules because excessive central government support drives down
the effective price of exports. Then too, lax enforcement of intellectual property
laws makes entrepreneurs reluctant to start companies even within the protection
of TusPark (Blumenstyk
2010
).
6 Lessons
Immediate lessons from the cases are:
• NGOs may play a role as important as governments, universities, or industry. It
is really a quadruple helix, though that phrase lacks the poetic rhythm of ''triple
helix.''
• Movement of people among the sectors facilitates inter-sectoral cooperation and
flexibility. (There is the danger that the ''revolving door'' will reinforce the
status quo.)
• Each strand of the triple helix may involve more than one university, more than
one government agency, more than one company or industry.
As a first stage of analysis and as a conclusion to this chapter, let us examine
what each sector brings to the table (Table
6
).
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