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The Triple Helix: International Cases
and Critical Summary
Fred Phillips, Sukaina Alarakhia and Pornpimol ''Joy'' Limprayoon
Abstract This chapter will use five cases to examine the role of
government-industry-academic cooperation on the development of technology
clusters, research parks, and metropolitan-area technopoleis like Austin or Silicon
Valley. We find that triple helix cooperation is necessary in deliberate cluster
initiatives (as opposed to spontaneously formed clusters) but is not a sufficient
concept in itself. A fourth strand, consisting of non-profit enterprises, NGOs, and
voluntary associations, is necessary.
1 Introduction: University-Industry-Government
Cooperation
In a presentation at last year's WTA-UNESCO workshop, Phillips (
2009
) dis-
played
Table
4.1
. For
this
chapter, we have
added
emphasis
to
the
phrase
''especially with cross-sectoral links.''
Cross-sectoral links are central to the idea of the triple helix. This briefing will
use five cases—in many of which one or more of the present authors have been
involved—to examine the role of government-industry-academic cooperation on
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