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economic development policies (Amin
1999
). Therefore, the effort to build a more
effective networking system is needed with intensive cooperation between inno-
vation actors in the region.
In Fig.
1
the central idea of systems of innovation is presented in a graphical
way. This model makes clear that firm innovation is influenced by mainly four
factors: internal factors to the firm (A), the firm's production environment, which
includes the firm's most significant external sources for innovation, namely cus-
tomers and suppliers (B), R&D infrastructure and policies (C) and the innovation
support system (D). Factors A and B form the production system, whereas C and D
make up the institutional system. The spatial level of impact (local, regional,
national or international) plays a role in factors B, C and D. Depending on the role
local/regional authorities play compared to national/international authorities when
it comes to affecting the institutional system, we can speak of a grassroots, network
or dirigiste system (Table
1
). Which factors to include in such a model is, of
course, debatable and goes beyond the scope of this Chapter. What is important to
Fig. 1
The
position
of
regional
innovation
support
systems
in
a
broader
framework
of
innovation systems
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