Development of an Innovation Cluster in the Region: Experience of Gwanggyo Technovalley in Korea - Technopolis: Best Practices for Science and Technology Cities - page 454

Table 3 Problems of GTV and policy response

Contents Problem Policy response

Master plan H/W-oriented master plan Comprehensive master plan including

S/W sides

Marketing Weak marketing & advertisement Strengthening Global/Domestic

marketing

Managing body Management by government officials Introduction of semi-public

management body

Cluster
management

H/W-oriented management for
building and facilities

S/W-oriented management (network &
promotion) a

Specialization Wide and ambiguous specialization Specialization after the review of

internal capabilities

Critical mass Small to reach critical mass Need to attract more companies

a

Gyeonggi province officially designated the management function of Pangyo Technovalley
(another innovation cluster) to the newly established Gyeonggi institute of science and tech-
nology promotion in 2012
Yim and Kim ( 2008 ), Yim ( 2009a ), and Yim ( 2009b )

of an innovation cluster. Although it is being developing well, there are still some
issues for the development of GTV.
First of all, the innovation cluster policy is oriented too much to the hardware
building like construction of building and road. The main policy of Gyeonggi
provincial government on science and technology has focused much more on the
infrastructure. More than half of the science and technology budget has been spent
on building up the infrastructure in Pangyo Technovalley and GTV. Although
building up an infrastructure is an indispensable factor in the initial development
of innovation cluster, there is no concrete policy direction or s/w plan to boot
research and development activities or commercializing the technology, which are
required for the successful innovation cluster. There is no master plan which stated
the vision of GTV and action plan after the construction Table 3 .
In order to solve those problems, we may need the following policy directions.

4 Conclusion and Discussion

In today's knowledge-based economy, national competitiveness largely depends
on the competitiveness in science and technology. Among many factors which
determine the effectiveness of national or regional innovation system, the inno-
vation cluster is regarded as one of effective policy tools to enhance the com-
petitiveness of science and technology in the region. There are many successful
cases where the innovation clusters are leading the national or regional competi-
tiveness in the world. However, it is also true that there are many cases, where the
innovation cluster does not produce the expected result.