Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
However, there are some opposing views about the government's involvement
in promoting EIP projects. The question is whether or not the public sector should
actively lead the EIP project. Some insist on a government-led approach while
others advocate a market-led approach. The American and Korean cases are
typical examples representing the active role of the public sector, while the case of
Kalundborg, Denmark, is a representative example of a spontaneous project
promoted by the private sector. Both approaches have strengths and weaknesses.
The government-led approach has the advantage of being able to easily initiate the
project. Meanwhile, it has the disadvantage of not being able to guarantee the
persistence of the project. The market-driven approach's strength is in the EIP's
firm persistence once the project begins, while its weakness is in the difficulty
encountered for the project to begin. Therefore, it is hard to assess which
acknowledges the role of public authorities in the development of EIP projects,
while others such as Ehrenfeld and Gertler (
1997
), Bass (
1998
) and Waller (
1999
)
emphasize corporate spontaneity and the role of the market mechanism in the
project.
2.2 Eco-Industrial Park Management and Support Services
As a community of companies, an EIP needs a more sophisticated management
and support system than a traditional industrial park and a science/technology
park. Management or a third-party supports the exchange of by-products among
companies and helps them adapt to changes in the mix of companies through its
recruitment responsibilities. Management may maintain links into regional
by-product exchanges and a site-wide telecommunications system. The park may
include shared support services such as a training center, information center,
offices for purchasing common supplies, transportation logistics office, and cafe-
teria. Companies can add to their savings by sharing the costs of these services.
An EIP encompasses two distinct but overlapping business entities. It is a real
estate development property that must be managed to provide a competitive return
to its owners. At the same time, an eco-park is a community of companies that
must manage itself to gain common benefits for its individual members. The full
range of management functions to be performed by the combination of business
community and park management systems include the followings:
• Maintain the values, culture, and identity of the eco-industrial park as a
community.
• Resolve conflicts between companies, between park management and tenants,
and between the needs for future viability and present efficiency.
• Facilitate the self-organizing community development process among tenants.
• Recruit firms to keep the park fully leased and maintain the mix of companies
needed to best use by-products as companies change.
• Coordinate recruitment with local and state economic development agencies.
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