Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7
R&D cooperation
Category
Domestic
Overseas
Total
Local
Regional
Seoul
metropolitan area
National
Busan
Suppliers
1(4.8)
11(81.0)
1(4.8)
3(14.3)
2(9.5)
18(100.0)
Clients
2(9.1)
13(59.1)
5(22.7)
4(18.2)
1(4.5)
25(100.0)
Competitors
2(18.2)
5(45.5)
1(9.1)
2(18.2)
1(9.1)
11(100.0)
Universities
4(6.7)
8(53.3)
2(13.3)
1(6.7)
1(6.7)
16(100.0)
Research
institutes
1(6.7)
7(46.7)
2(13.3)
3(20.0)
3(20.0)
16(100.0)
Gwangju
Suppliers
9(31.0)
5(17.2)
9(31.0)
2(6.9)
4(13.8)
29(100.0)
Clients
6(21.4)
5(17.9)
14(50.0)
0(0.0)
3(10.7)
28(100.0)
Competitors
8(30.8)
6(23.1)
6(23.1)
5(19.2)
1(3.8)
26(100.0)
Universities
20(32.3)
33(53.3)
6(9.7)
3(4.8)
0(0.0)
62(100.0)
Research
institutes
10(20.8)
26(54.2)
6(12.5)
6(12.5)
0(0.0)
48(100.0)
Daejeon
Suppliers
7(15.2)
14(30.4)
9(19.6)
8(17.4)
8(17.4)
46(100.0)
Clients
5(9.1)
12(21.9)
22(40.0)
10(18.2)
6(10.9)
55(100.0)
Competitors
7(17.1)
20(48.8)
3(7.3)
8(19.5)
3(7.3)
41(100.0)
Universities
19(40.4)
21(44.7)
6(12.8)
1(2.1)
0(0.0)
47(100.0)
Research
institutes
30(49.2)
22(36.0)
6(9.8)
3(4.9)
0(0.0)
61(100.0)
Source: (Kwon et al.
2005
) survey results (units: number of firms, %)
Table 8
Tacit knowledge exchange in the innovation process
Category
Busan
Gwangju
Daejeon
Total
sample
Exchanges with the customers
27.3
12.3
22.6
20.7
Exchanges with the suppliers
13.4
5.6
3.3
7.4
Exchanges with the competitors
11.6
9.7
11.7
11.0
Seminars and discussions
2.3
18.5
9.7
10.2
Joint R&D with universities and research institutes
13.0
19.3
23.8
18.7
Informal exchanges among researchers
1.9
12.3
7.0
7.1
Hiring experienced personnels from the same industry
2.3
3.5
0.2
2.0
Organizational activities for promoting knowledge
exchanges
0.5
4.7
2.7
2.6
Specialized service providers 0.9 0.0 0.6 0.5
In-house 25.9 14.0 18.1 19.3
Others 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.4
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Notes: considering multiple replies. Percentage of the value added after putting weight value
(unit: %)
Source: (Kwon et al.
2005
) survey results
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