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Innovation (Paris). The classification is based on the economic potential and the
R&D capacities of the stakeholders. The calcification has not been modified since
2005, despite the recommendation of the status of the cluster for global vocation
cluster. The evaluation report published in 2012 considers that the current cluster
classification is obsolete and does not bring any benefit. The report recommended to
distinct the clusters into two categories: international competitiveness clusters and
competitiveness clusters and innovation. The international cluster must be found on
two main criteria: (1) the strategic character of the branch, or sector, contributing
to France competitiveness at an international level and (2) the critical size,
including ex ante indicators such as the concentration of industrial and scientific
resources, and post ante such as number and volume of R&D projects (Fig.
1
).
Each competitiveness cluster is represented and led by its own legal entity, but
this entity is required to give preference to industrial, scientific, and academic
stakeholders in its governing body. The local governments concerned with the
Fig. 1 Map of Competitiveness clusters (October 2011). Source
http://competitivite.gouv.fr/la-
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