A New Strategic Approach to Science Cities: Towards the Achievement of Sustainable and Balanced Spatial Development - Technopolis: Best Practices for Science and Technology Cities - page 4

Table 1 Science and technology park developments in Europe (from Komninos 2002 )
Member state

No. of parks Type of park Origin stakeholder Management Objectives

Belgium Eight large and

small
parks

Science park, incubator Universities, federal ministry,

non-profit associations

Administrative
council

Technology transfer, housing of large companies

Denmark Five small

parks

Science parks Universities, Ministry of

research and technology

Business foundation Technology transfer, housing of large companies

France 40 small parks Technology park,

technopolis,
technopolis networks

Municipalities, regional
government, chambers

Associations of
communes,
mixed consortia

Development and attraction of high-tech activities,
development of networks

Germany 70 small parks Innovation centre,

technology park,
business incubator

Local, Lander Private company Support start-ups, creation of skilled jobs, translation of

R&D into practice

Technology park,
innovation centre

Ministry of research and
technology, research
institutes

SA Support start-ups, technology transfer

Greece Five small

parks, five
incubators

Ireland One large

park, one
small park

Technology park,
incubator

Regional development agency National

Technological
Park Company

Attraction of international investors

Italy 11 parks Science park, technopolis Ministry of research, large

companies, local
authorities, associations

Associations, mixed
consortia

Technology transfer, support SMEs, creation of business
clusters

The Seven small

parks

Science park, business
incubator

State, local authorities,
universities

Consortia of founding
institutions

Location of firms near universities, technology transfer,
industry-university cooperation Netherlands

Portugal Three large

parks

Technology parks Local government, private

companies

Development of local resources, growth of SMEs

Spain Nine large and

ten small
parks

Technology park,
business nursery

Autonomous communities,
regional government,
universities

Associations, public
companies

Attract high-tech companies, industry-university
cooperation, development of innovative firms,
upgrade regional industry

UK 40 small and

large parks

Science park, technology
park, innovation
centre

Universities, local authorities,
public agencies, private
organisations

Management
committee of
associated
founders

Property development, technology transfer