Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Arrangement of Actors in the Triple Helix
Innovation
José Alberto Sampaio Aranha
1 Introduction
Increased productivity/competitiveness of countries and cities depend more and
more on public policies established by local government. The potential of a site no
longer depends on much on its location, climate, or natural resources, but on their
willingness, ability, energy, values, and human organization (Kother
1993
).
The competitiveness of these places in the knowledge era is in the speed with
which innovation is generated; this relationship was one of the critical success
factors for population's quality of life. The more it generates innovation, more
economic development we have, and therefore more resources for investment in
quality of life of the population that adds further knowledge to the process—what
can generate more technological changes, that could lead to more innovation,
forming a virtuous circle as shown in the UNDP's development human report.
1
And how is it possible to make the country more innovative? What public
policies are needed to stimulate and organize people to innovate? How to explain
that Brazil is the thirteenth country (2008) in indexed scientific articles,
2
28th in
patents
3
and 68th (2009) in innovation?
4
First it is important to identify that these indicators depend on different public
policies. They can help themselves, but are not necessarily correlated or ordered.
1
Human
Development
Report
2001—United Nations
Development
Program—
http://www.
4
Global innovation index 2010—3rd edition of Insead report, with the Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII)—
http://www.gii.networkedreadiness.com/main/home.cfm
.
Search WWH ::
Custom Search