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all the set of processes that operate without involving extreme pressure or heat, or
vacuum, etc., has a great potential as a materials processing tool. In soft solution
processing what is most important is the precursor solutions. Several researchers
predict
gel and hydrothermal has a
great potential to process materials under environmentally benign conditions.
For example, a methodology proposed by Kakihana and Yoshimura [419] like a
water-soluble titanium complex for the selective synthesis of brookite, rutile, and
anatase under hydrothermal conditions will lay a firm foundation for environmen-
tally friendly processing in future. Such an approach has yielded fruitful results to
the processing of even high-temperature electroceramics like BaTiO 3 and SrTiO 3 .
Similarly, the gel chemistry of metal alkoxides would provide new avenues for pre-
cursor preparation for the hydrothermal processing of advanced materials. Hence,
an interdisciplinary approach will be the most effective solution for the future
materials processing strategies, which are environmentally benign and highly cost-
effective. Hydrothermal technology will be one such most powerful tool in combi-
nation with the sol
that
the combination of polymerizing sol
gel and multienergy even for multicomponent systems [447].
References
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Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, John Wiley & Sons, London, 2005.
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[2a] S-H. Feng, Z. Shi, J-S. Chen, Proceedings of the first International Symposium on
Hydrothermal Reactions, March 22-28, Shigeyuki S¯miya (Ed.), Association for
Science Documents Information, 1982, Japan.
[3] L.W. Jelinski, T.E. Graedal, R.A. Laudise, D.W. McCall, C.K.N. Patel, Industrial
ecology: concepts and approaches, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 (1992) 793 800.
[4] M.M. Lencka, A. Andreko, R.E. Riman, Hydrothermal precipitation of lead zirconate
titanate solid solutions: thermodynamic modeling and experimental synthesis, J. Am.
Ceram. Soc. 78 (1995) 2609 2615.
[5] Y. Hao, A.S. Teja, Continuous hydrothermal crystallization of Fe 2 O 3 and Co 3 O 4
nanoparticles, J Mater. Res. 18 (2003) 415 422.
[6] K. Byrappa, M. Yoshimura, Photocatalytic Properties, A novel method of advanced
materials processing, J. Mater. Sci., 41, (2006).
[7] R. Roy, Solvothermal as One Example of Multienergy Processing—History and
Current Status, Plenary Talk, ISHR & ICSTR 2006, Sendai, Japan, August 5 9,
2006.
[8] E. Lester, P. Blood, J. Li, M. Poliakoff, Reactor Geometry and Supercritical Water
Reactions, Invited Talk, ISHR & ICSTR 2006, Sendai, Japan, August 5 9, 2006.
[9] R. Varma, Chemistry at the speed of light, in: D. Agarwal (Ed.), Immediate Energy
Savings via Microwave Usage in Major Materials Technologies, Spectrum 1
Richmond, Australia, (2006) 2.
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Reactions, 1982, Gakujutsu Bunken FUKYU-KAI Publications, Tokyo, Japan, (1983)
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