Environmental Engineering Reference
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FIGURE 12 Modern ichnology of the tidal flat complex south of Al Aryam Island (southern
Arabian Gulf, UAE). Scale bars ¼ 1 cm. (A) Stranded Pleistocene beach ridges with abundant shells
of cerithid gastropods on a supratidal flat (sabkha). The two larger burrows were made by termites,
whereas the smaller one in between results from ant activities. (B) Upper intertidal sand flat with a
groove-like surface trace of the sand-dwelling crab Scopimera crabricauda and its pseudo-pellets.
(C) Soft mud surface at the margin of a lower intertidal pool with minute trails produced by fora-
minifers. (D) Firmground surface of a mud-bank in the lower intertidal with intense bioturbation by
worms. (E) Margin of a lower intertidal channel (cliff height ¼ approximately 0.3 m). The channel
floor shows abundant trackways of birds, whereas the bank acts as a stiff- to firmground and is
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