Environmental Engineering Reference
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FIGURE 2 Detailed stratigraphy and interpreted sea-level changes in the Volkhovian (Dapingian)
of the St. Petersburg region, Russia. (1) Bioclastic wackestone with iron ooids; (2) bioclastic pack-
stone; (3) marlstone with Thalassinoides ichnofabric; (4) carbonate mudstone to wackestone;
(5) terrigenous siltstone; (6) quartz sandstone; (7) quartz sandstone enriched with glauconite; (8)
black shale; (9) hardground surface pitted with Trypanites ; (10) hardground surfaces with Balano-
glossites (“Karandashi”); (11) hardground surface with superimposed Gastrochaenolites , Balano-
glossites , and Trypanites ; (12) hardground surface with well-developed Gastrochaenolites
oelandicus (“Steklo” surface); (13) marine red bed with Thalassinoides and Chondrites ; (14) Ber-
gaueria at the base of the beds; (15) marine red bed with Chondrites .
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