Environmental Engineering Reference
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FIGURE 2
Common deltaic trace fossils. (A-C) Tidal-deltaic facies, Middle Jurassic Lajas For-
mation, Neuqu
ยด
n Basin, Argentina. (A)
Ophiomorpha
(Oph) in delta-front facies. (B)
Taenidium
(Ta). (C)
Thalassinoides
(Th) at a parasequence boundary. (D-F) Wave-influenced facies, Creta-
ceous Ben Nevis Formation, offshore Newfoundland, Canada. (D)
Ophiomorpha
(Oph). (E)
Ophio-
morpha
(Oph),
Skolithos
(Sko), and
Teichichnus
(Te). (F)
Asterosoma
(Ast) and
Ophiomorpha
(Oph). (G-H) Gilbert-type delta, Pleistocene, Conway Flats, North Canterbury, New Zealand.
(G)
Diplocraterion
(Diplo). (H) Burrow mottling,
Planolites
(Pl) and
Phycosiphon
(Phy). (I)
Tha-
lassinoides
(Th) in channel facies, Cretaceous Blackhawk Formation, Book Cliffs, USA.
(3) the ability for one organism to create multiple burrow morphologies (behav-
ioral plasticity) and to create extensive burrow networks (e.g.,
Thalassinoides
);
and (4) changes in ichnodiversity through geologic time (e.g., colonization of
brackish-water environments,
Buatois et al., 2005
). While ichnodiversity
cannot be used as a direct indicator of species richness, it is a valid proxy for
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