Lacustrine Environments - Trace Fossils as Indicators of Sedimentary Environments - page 372

TABLE 1 A Lake Basin Zonation Scheme for the Interpretation of Lake-Basin Sedimentary Successions with Trace Fossils—Cont'd

Controls affecting sedimentation, biogenic activity, and production and preservation of biogenic structures by lake-basin zone—Cont'd
Environmental controls: Abundance and types of food resources, nutrient availability, interconnectedness and heterogeneity of habitats, sedimentary
disturbances by erosion or deposition, sediment texture, degree of habitat stability and temporal variability
Biological controls: Evolutionary pathways of organisms, dispersal mechanisms of organisms, complexity of food webs, types of animals, body plans,
behavior and life history of organisms, interspecific competition and interaction, chance

Terrestrial Supralittoral Eulittoral Littoral Sublittoral Profundal

Ionic composition, ionic concentration, and
pH of surface and shallow ground waters

Ionic composition, ionic concentration, and pH of lake waters, sublacustrine
spring waters, and porewaters of lacustrine sediments

Hydrochemical
controls

Mixing of phreatic, vadose
zone, and lake waters

Temperature of surface, vadose zone, and subaerial
spring waters

(Mixing zone) Temperature of lake waters and sublacustrine spring waters

Redoximorphic conditions of sedimentary profile Dissolved oxygen concentrations in lake waters, oxygenation and redox

conditions of lacustrine sediments

Concentrations of CO 2 and HCO 3 - (alkalinity)
in vadose-zone pore waters and surface
waters
Climate-related variability of temperature of surface and vadose-zone
waters

Concentrations of soil
gases (O 2 , CO 2 , NH 4 ),
alkalinity of pore waters

Concentrations of CO 2 , HCO 3 - , and CO 3

2- (alkalinity) in lake and sublacustrine
spring waters

Temperature and chemical gradients of lake waters (causing density
stratification)

Lateral variability in hydrochemical characteristics of
surface waters and vadose-zone pore waters

(Mixing zone) Lateral variability of hydrochemical characteristics of lake waters (related to

subbasin configuration, sublacustrine springs, and mixing)

Solar radiation; shade; air and ground temperatures Solar radiation, air and lake water temperatures

Depth to water table Capillary evaporation Direct evaporation

Moisture conditions,
drainage (permeability

Substrate consolidation and degree of
induration, substrate cohesiveness and
saturation, drainage

Substrate consolidation and degree of induration, substrate cohesiveness

and porosity)

Nutrient cycling by infaunal and epifaunal air-breathing organisms Nutrient cycling by infaunal and epifaunal benthic aquatic organisms

Continued