Sequence Stratigraphy - Trace Fossils as Indicators of Sedimentary Environments - page 180

Paleokarst, caliche,
salinas and hypersaline
ponds or lagoons

Evaporitic platform with
tidal flats, ponds,
sand deposits,
channels, and sabkha

Below storm
wave base

Lagoon with restricted
circulation, tidal flats
and ponds

Normal marine lagoon
with sand waves and
washover deposits

Elongated shoals, tidal
bars and beaches,
eolianites

Storm-reworked
sand shoals

Sand waves with
reworked platform
material and
interbedded mud

Legend

Platform interior

Sea
Mud-dominated
carbonates
Sand-dominated
carbonates

Sabkha and salina Tidal flat Restricted lagoon Open lagoon Platform margin Shoreface/

inner ramp

Slope/
outer ramp

Basin/
deeper intra-shelf

Normal wave base

Pedogenic carbonates
overprinting supratidal
and intertidal deposits

Laminated dolomitic
mudstone, bindstone,
grainstone, packstone,
gypsum, and anhydrite

Storm wave base

Dolomitic mudstone
and wackestone,
subordinate grainstone

Mudstone and wacke-
stone with packstone
and grainstone interbeds

Clean grainstone and
packstone

Packstone and
grainstone

Grainstone, wackestone,
and mudstone

Fossiliferous mudstone
and marlstone, inter-
bedded with wacke-
stone and grainstone

Cylindrichnus

Skolithos

Balanoglossites

Macaronichnus

Asterosoma

Zoophycos

Arenicolites

Planolites
Taenidium

Plant roots

Bl

Ichnodiversity

FIGURE 12 Generalized cross section of the Khuff carbonate platform in the Persian Gulf area from south (proximal to the left) to north (distal to the right), based on
Wilson (1975) . The simplified facies zones are based on sedimentological and ichnological core observations and are the building blocks of small-scale shallowing-
upward sequences. The bars in the lower part refer to recognized trace-fossil assemblages, bioturbation index (BI), and ichnodiversity with increasing abundance
(rare, moderate, and abundant). From Knaust (2009) .