Oranges - Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Postharvest Physiology, Processing and Packaging - page 386

Table 21.2. Leading exporters and importers of single-strength orange juice and orange juice
concentrate by quantity (metric tons).

Orange Juice, Single Strength Orange Juice Concentrate

Exporters 2009 Importers 2009 Exporters 2009 Importers 2009

Brazil 1,494,400 Belgium 914,010 Brazil 574,788 USA 285,364

Belgium 809,108 France 610,396 Spain 75,856 United Kingdom 232,884

Netherlands 563,550 Netherlands 603,108 USA 69,692 Canada 43,282

Germany 380,625 Germany 420,470 Costa Rica 48,502 France 37,800

USA 309,287 USA 310,377 Cuba 25,000 Ireland 35,452

Spain 171,597 Canada 245,775 Belize 20,428 Republic of Korea 23,795

Switzerland 85,946 United Kingdom 239,893 Israel 12,725 Spain 15,713

Mexico 83,179 Japan 89,212 Canada 12,316 Hungary 13,852

France 64,083 Sweden 67,964 Thailand 9,611 Israel 11,446

Saudi Arabia 63,063 Spain 67,614 China 8,892 Oman 10,626

United Arab 60,074 China 49,979 United Arab 8,485 Pakistan 9,775

Emirates Emirates

Denmark 45,206 Russian 47,566 Argentina 7,693 Nicaragua 9,081

Federation

Source: FAO (2011).

consumption per decade increased from 28.5 liters in the
1980s to 32.3 liters in the 1990s and decreased to 30.4 liters
in the 2000s. Orange juice represented 62.2%, 60.5%, and
56.8% of the total juice consumed in the US in those
decades, respectively, indicating that although it is still
the most consumed fruit juice, both the total amount of
juice consumed and its share of the fruit juice market have
recently decreased (Pollack and Perez, 2008). The average
orange consumption for the 2001-2008 period in the United
States decreased by 11% with respect to the 1990s. Such
decrease is the combined result of other fruit juice and bev-
erage competition, increased orange juice price, and other
market trends. Figure 21.2 shows the US average consump-
tion of fresh and processed oranges per capita for the last
three decades.
The overall decrease in consumption of oranges and
orange juice in the 2000s can be attributed in part to a
decrease in production that resulted from losses due to the
2004 hurricanes, the spread of citrus canker (also driven
by the strong winds and rain from the hurricanes), the now
defunct canker eradication program that forced growers to
remove all citrus trees within a 580 m (1900 ft) diameter
circle around infected trees, and the emergence of huan-
glongbing disease, a bacterial disease that obstructs the
phloem, resulting in small, misshapen fruit and eventually
tree death. Details of these and other citrus diseases can

be found elsewhere (Timmer et al., 2000). As a result, the
bearing orange grove area decreased from about 330,000 ha
in 2000 to 257,000 ha in 2009. Lower supply caused orange
juice prices to rise and a decrease in demand followed.
In addition to the specifics of the orange market, overall
fruit juice consumption decreased perhaps as a result of

100

Fresh Processed To t a l

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

1971-80 1981-90 1991-00 2001-09

Figure 21.2. Average per capita consumption of
oranges in the United States, for selected years
(source: Adapted from USDA-ERS, 2011).