Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
NUTRITIONAL PROFILE AND HEALTH
BENEFITS
are classified as either low-acid (oranges, mandarins, and
grapefruit) or high-acid (lemons and limes) fruit. These fig-
ures are affected by the source of the fruit and processing
and storage conditions.
The peel and seeds of all citrus are relatively rich
in phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic
acids. Phenolic compounds are known potent antioxidants.
Citrus flavonoids include polymethoxylated flavones and
Nutrient composition
Nutritional profile of raw and selected lemon and lime
products is given in Table 20.10. Lemons have lower
protein content, substantially lower sugar content, and a
much higher acid content than oranges. Hence citrus fruits
Table 20.10.
Nutritional profile of raw and processed lemons and limes (per 100 g).
Raw
Lime Juice,
Raw Lemons,
Lemon Juice,
Lemon
Raw
Canned/Bottled,
Nutrient
Units
without Peel
Canned/Bottled
Peel
Limes
Unsweetened
Proximate
Water
g
88.98
92.46
81.6
88.26
92.52
Energy
kcal
29
21
47
30
21
Protein
g
1.1
0.4
1.5
0.7
0.25
Total lipid (fat)
g
0.3
0.29
0.3
0.2
0.23
Carbohydrate, by difference
g
9.32
6.48
16
10.54
6.69
Fiber, total dietary
g
2.8
0.4
10.6
2.8
0.4
Sugars, total
g
2.5
2.4
4.17
1.69
1.37
Minerals
Calcium, Ca
mg
26
11
134
33
12
Iron, Fe
mg
0.6
0.13
0.8
0.6
0.23
Magnesium, Mg
mg
8
8
15
6
7
Phosphorus, P
mg
16
9
12
18
10
Potassium, K
mg
138
102
160
102
75
Sodium, Na
mg
2
21
6
2
16
Zinc, Zn
mg
0.06
0.06
0.25
0.11
0.06
Copper, Cu
mg
0.037
0.037
0.092
0.065
0.03
Manganese, Mn
mg
0.03
0.02
nr
0.008
0.008
Selenium, Se
μ
g
0.4
0.1
0.7
0.4
0.1
Vitamins
Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid
mg
53
24.8
129
29.1
6.4
Thiamin
mg
0.04
0.041
0.06
0.03
0.033
Riboflavin
mg
0.02
0.009
0.08
0.02
0.003
Niacin
mg
0.1
0.197
0.4
0.2
0.163
Pantothenic acid
mg
0.19
0.091
0.319
0.217
0.066
Vitamin B-6
mg
0.08
0.043
0.172
0.043
0.027
Folate, total
μg
11
10
13
8
8
Choline, total
mg
5.1
5.1
8.5
5.1
5.1
β
-Carotene
μg
3
2
7
30
10
α
-Carotene
μ
g
1
0
1
0
0
β
-Cryptoxanthin
μ
g
20
13
45
0
0
Vitamin A, IU
IU
22
15
50
50
16
Lutein
+
zeaxanthin
μ
g
11
11
18
0
0
Vitamin E (
α
-tocopherol)
mg
0.15
0.15
0.25
0.22
0.12
Source: USDA (2009).
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