Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 19.5.
Nutritional profile of grapefruits and processed products (selected components, per 100 g).
Raw Fruit
1
Canned Fruit
Juice, from
Frozen Juice
Sections
2
Nutrient
Units
White
Pink
White Fruit
Concentrate
Proximate
Water
g
90.76
91.56
89.85
90
62
Energy
kcal
32
30
36
39
146
Protein
g
0.63
0.55
0.58
0.5
1.97
Total lipid (fat)
g
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.48
Ash
g
0.32
0.29
0.32
0.2
0.99
Carbohydrate, by difference
g
8.19
7.5
9.15
9.2
34.56
nr
3
Fiber, total dietary
g
1.1
0.4
0.1
0.4
Sugars, total
g
nr
nr
8.75
9.1
34.16
Minerals and vitamins
Calcium
mg
15
15
15
9
27
Magnesium
mg
9
8
10
12
38
Phosphorus
mg
7
9
10
15
49
Potassium
mg
150
127
132
162
484
Vitamin
mg
37
37
21.8
38
119.8
Niacin
mg
0.2
0.2
0.249
0.2
0.772
Folate, total
μ
g
9
9
9
10
13
Vitamin A
IU
10
259
0
10
31
1
Florida (USA) grown fruit;
2
canned in water, solids and liquids;
3
not reported.
Source: USDA (2010).
excessive consumption of devitalized white flour products.
Fresh grapefruit contains organic salicylic acid, which
aids in dissolving such inorganic calcium in the body
(Hubpages, 2010).
cancer compared to those eating the least lycopene-rich
foods (Jian et al., 2007).
Limonoids
Limonoids are phytonutrients found in grapefruits that
inhibit tumor formation by promoting the formation of
glutathione-S-transferase, a detoxifying enzyme. This en-
zyme initiates a reaction in the liver that helps to make toxic
compounds more water soluble for excretion from the body
(Wood, 2005). Limonoids have also been shown in labo-
ratory tests with human cells to help fight cancers of the
mouth, skin, lung, breast, stomach, and colon. Researchers
from the USDA Agricultural Research Service indicated
that human bodies can readily absorb and utilize limonin,
which is a long-acting limonoid present in citrus fruits in
relatively the same amount as vitamin C. Limonin in citrus
fruits is present as limonin glucoside. In this form, limonin
is attached to glucose, and human bodies easily digest this
compound and remove glucose and release limonin.
Lycopene
Red grapefruit is rich in the antioxidant lycopene, a
carotenoid phytonutrient which appears to have antitumor
benefits. It is known to have the highest capacity among
other dietary carotenoids to help fight oxygen free rad-
icals, which are compounds that can damage cells (Jian
et al., 2007). The researchers suggested that regular in-
take of lycopene-rich foods like red grapefruit, toma-
toes, watermelon, papaya, and guava may greatly reduce a
man's risk of developing prostate cancer. In a case-control
study involving men who frequently enjoy consumption of
lycopene-rich fruits and vegetables with those consuming
the least, results indicated that men who most frequently
consume these foods were 82% less likely to have prostate
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