Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.1.
(Continued)
Common Name
Scientific Name
Pitaya (pitahaya, dragon fruit)
Hylocereus undatus
Prickly pear (tuna)
Opuntia
spp. (including ficus-indica, robusta, etc.)
Plantain
Musa paradisiaca
var paradisiaca
Pomegranate
Punica granatum
Rambutan
Nephelium lappaceum
Sapotes
Mamey sapote
Calocarpum mannosum
Sapodilla or chicozapote
Manilkara zapota
Black sapote
Diospyros ebenaster
=
Zapote
mammee apple
Mammea americana
Spondias (Wi apple)
Spondias cytherea
Tamarillo (tree tomato)
Cyphomandra betacea
Tamarind
Tamarindus indica
Mexico, China, Spain, Iran, Italy, Indonesia, and Egypt
(FAO, 2011).
About 50% of the tropical and subtropical fruit produc-
tion is consumed fresh, and 50% is used in various pro-
cessed forms (canned, dried, freeze-dried, frozen, juiced).
The value of US imports of all fruits exceeded $8.9 billion
in 2009-2010 (USDA-ERS, 2010), and the value of US
exports of fruits was about $5.9 billion in 2009-2010.
World and regional production of major tropical and sub-
tropical fruits has seen a monumental growth in the last two
decades. Discussion on selected fruits follows; for data on
most other fruits, the reader is directed to chapters on indi-
vidual fruits in this topic.
pineapple annual production is shown in Fig. 1.2. From
1990 to 2010, world production increased by 67.61%, from
11.59 million MT; years 2008-2009 saw some decreases
in pineapple production. Overall, the Americas (North,
Central, and South), Asia, and Africa had significant in-
creases in pineapple production during the last two decades
(100.49%, 62.33%, and 29.97%, respectively), whereas
production in Europe and Oceania remained fairly flat. Top
ten pineapple-producing countries in 2010 were the Philip-
pines, Brazil, Costa Rica, Thailand, China, India, Indonesia,
Nigeria, Mexico, and Vietnam (FAO, 2011).
Papaya
The papaya world production was 11.20 million MT in
2010. Figure 1.3 shows regional and world papaya annual
production data from 1990 to 2010; the total production
increased by 243.21% (from 3.26 million MT). Asia and
the Americas (North, Central, and South) had significant
increases at 399.41% and 226.51%, respectively; during
the same period, Africa saw an increase of 52.44% in pa-
paya production. The top ten papaya-producing countries
were India, Brazil, Nigeria, Indonesia, Mexico, Columbia,
Ethiopia, Congo, Thailand, and Guatemala (FAO, 2011).
Banana
The world production of banana in 2010 was 102.11 mil-
lion metric tons (MT). The 1990-2010 regional and world
banana annual production is shown in Fig. 1.1. From
1990 to 2010, banana production more than doubled, from
46.81 million MT to 102.11 million MT. The Asian region
contributed the most to this growth and saw an increase of
220.30%, followed by Oceania, Africa, and the Americas
(North, Central, and South), with increases of 106.83%,
67.69%, and 38.16%, respectively. The top ten banana-
producing countries in 2010 were India, China, the Philip-
pines, Ecuador, Brazil, Indonesia, Tanzania, Guatemala,
Mexico, and Colombia (FAO, 2011).
Mango, mangosteen, and guava
The mango production data is not reported separately by
the FAO; it includes mangosteen and guava, too. For these
fruits, there was an increase of 126.77%, from 17.05 million
MT in 1990 to 38.67 million MT in 2010 (Fig. 1.4). During
the last two decades, Africa, Asia, and the Americas (North,
Central, and South) saw increases of 139.83%, 132.40%,
Pineapple
The world production of pineapple in 2010 was
19.42 million MT. The 1990-2010 regional and world
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