Graphics Programs Reference
In-Depth Information
Design Rule for Camera File Systems (DCF):
An EXIF (metadata) standard
created by a consortium of Japanese camera manufacturers used to
describe the color space of images produced in digital cameras from RAW
data. DCF 1.0 can specify the captured and processed color data as sRGB
or None and places this data in the document in the form of EXIF data.
Device-dependent:
A color space that is tied to a specific device behavior
such as a specific printer, scanner, camera, or display. Each device
produces its own unique behavior and the color space that describes
this behavior is device-dependent. The device itself influences the color
produced.
Device-independent:
A color space that is not influenced by a device and
does not behave like any specific real-world device. Device-independent
color spaces are based on synthetic color models or constructions since
all real-world devices, being device-dependent, have their own unique
ways of producing color. These imagery color spaces are mathematically
based upon how humans see color, not on any physical device like a
printer or scanner. CIELAB is a device-independent color space.
Device profile:
See
ICC profile
.
Dynamic range:
In a scene or image, the ratio of the darkest black to the
lightest white. A natural scene can have very large dynamic range, from
a specular highlight of the sun to a black object in the shadows the range
could be 10,000 to 1. A print from a good ink-jet printer may have a
dynamic range of only 400 to 1. Translating the scene to print is the job
of the artist/photographer. The dynamic range of a scanner describes
the range of tones it can record from an original piece of film or a print
from whitest white to blackest black. Film has a specific dynamic range
(measured in stops). Capture and output devices have a specific dynamic
range. Not to be confused with color gamut since gamut describes all
colors and tones a device may or may not be capable of producing.
Embedding:
The process of placing a profile inside an image file for a CMS
to utilize for previews and conversions (also known as tagging).
Emissive:
The ability to emit energy; usually used to refer to a device like
a display (which emits light).
EXIF (Exchangeable Image File Format):
A standard for storing interchange
information in image files such as JPEG. EXIF provides a wealth of infor-
mation embedded in the image and specifies data such as color space,
resolution, ISO, shutter speed, date and time, and so on.
Four-color process:
A print process using four colors of ink to produce
color. The four colors are usually CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and
black).
Gamma:
A specific mathematical formula that describes the relationship
between the input and output of a device. See also
Tone Response Curve
.
