Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
and delivery but also to perform the exam. During an epileptic episode, it is known
that hypo-metabolic lesions detected with PET scanning can represent the epilepto-
genic focus even in absence of detectable structural abnormalities that MRI scanning
can show [
109
]. The possibility of acquiring information from both modalities in a
single imaging session would provide a more accurate merging of the available data
for better localization of epileptic foci in view of surgical or interventional treatment.
Overall, the significant added value of hybrid scanning in neurology may promote
hybrid PET/MRI as a key tool for better assessment and management of different
neurological diseases. Other important advantages of hybrid devices over separate
scanners are improved patient comfort and a decrease in the number of required
exam sessions, which could constitute a significant advantage when dealing with
neurologic patients.
Musculoskeletal System.
Several studies have been carried out showing the utility
of stand-alone MRI and PET devices. MRI scanners are commonly used for studies
of neuromuscular disorders [
110
] or the assessment of musculoskeletal function
[
111
]. The high definition anatomical images and the different dynamic acquisition
protocols available can also offer very useful information in the field of biomechanics,
although these protocols were designed and implemented initially for the assessment
of the heart (DENSE MRI, Tagged MRI) [
112
]. PET devices also offer metabolic
information related with the musculoskeletal function, such as the pattern of glucose
uptake, which can be used in the analysis of elite athletes [
113
] or in studies focused
on muscular dysfunction in aged or diseased patients [
114
].
Other clinical applications.
Numerous other applications of hybrid imaging have
also been introduced in clinical practice. Such as, infectious and inflammatory dis-
eases, and also complex systemic diseases. Hybrid PET/MRI has also a particular
advantage in pediatric imaging, where the use of PET/CT is usually restricted by the
unnecessary exposure to radiation of the CT scan. A further potential application of
PET/MRI hybrid imaging may also be represented by the development of novel indi-
vidualized computer-based models of the human body or of specific parts of it. Such
models, adapted to each individual person, could guide physicians and researchers
to a better understanding of the behavior and function of such organs and potentially
to predict the effect of some treatments and surgical interventions.
In conclusion, stand-alone MRI and PET scanners provide valuable information that
can be applied in different domains. But there is still a lack of evidence proving
the added value that simultaneous PET/MRI study can offer in clinical practice over
separately acquired studies. The potential added value of these scanners is evident, but
further clinical validation studies have to be carried out in the future. It is necessary
still more time for exploring all the possibilities that these scanners can offer in the
different fields of medicine and medical imaging.
