Networks of Wind Energy Enthusiasts and the Development of the “Danish Concept” - Wind Power for the World: The Rise of Modern Wind Energy - page 145

and extended to a full design series including DANmark 8 (13 kW),
DANmark 11 (22 kW), DANmark 17 (75 kW), DANmark 19 (95 kW),
DANmark 22 (150 kW), and the DANmark 25 (200-270 kW) (FC,
1990).

Figure 5.20 Project cover for the 55 kW DANmark wind turbine, NIVE,

1981 (left); DANmark 17 at the Folkecenter's Wind Test
Field (right) (Photo: Folkecenter).

From this beginning, all of the major Danish wind turbine
manufacturers of the 1980s through today can trace their origins to
this “Danish Concept” established at NIVE along with the Riisager
turbine development and based on the combination of Tvind and
Gedser turbine design concepts. The early companies, all working
with Økær, took advantage of the developing supply chain and
leveraged the design basis that had been established. Each new
company, however, brought to the table its own area of expertise
to improve component design and contribute to the overall Danish
wind turbine “supply chain” (Maegaard, 2009a; Maegaard, 2010).
For instance, one oversight of the first turbine designs had to do
with the omission of the blade tip brakes, which had been present on
the Gedser turbine in the 1950s. As Maegaard noted, for the Tvind
tower, they also omitted tip brakes and used parachutes brakes in
addition to blade pitch for an emergency stop mechanism—which
also made an upwind configuration prohibitive because for an
upwind system, the parachutes would hit the tower. The braking
system was one of the more challenging aspects of the first system
and in Maegaard's own words, the tip brakes “in the first [turbines]
were not considered. They were neglected. I can tellyou they were
really neglected… we did not read Juul carefully enough!” (Maegaard,
2010).