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research. All of these tasks use anatomical and kinematics data, but they all
encounter the same problem: no data reflecting the high percentage of morpho-
logical variations in the human species are easily available. Frequently, only
normalized models are produced. Hence, the real relationships between the
morphology and the kinematics of a specific subject cannot be foreseen with high
accuracy. VAKHUM's main goal is to develop a database to allow interactive
access of a broad range of data of a type not currently available, and to use this
to create tutorials on functional anatomy. The data will be made available to
industry, education and research. A source of high-quality data of both morpho-
logical and kinematics models of human joints will be created. The applied
techniques will allow data to be obtained that is of potential interest in related
fields across industry, medical education and research.
VAKHUM Technical Approach
Morphological data of human bones are initially collected from medical imaging
procedures, mainly by computerised tomodensitometry (CT-Scan). The latter
allows the construction of very accurate 3D bone models (Figure 1).
Several kinds of data will be available from the VAKHUM database. Not only
raw data, but also surface and finite-element models are included. Surface
models are useful for3D animation and/or education, while finite elements
meshes are used to simulate the deformation and the mechanical stresses
induced within living tissues by different motor tasks. They are essential in
research, but also in clinical applications, such as the evaluation of the risk of
bone fracture, or the planning of complex musculo-skeletal surgery. Finite
elements simulations are also useful to teach musculo-skeletal biomechanics.
Figure 1. 3D bone models of the iliac bone. Left: Surface models using tiling
techniques; Right: Finite elements model.
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