Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
A
Brain lobe
Brain lobe
SE
T1
T2
CCAP-INs
Early CCAP-ENs
Late CCAP-ENs
CCAP-PLs
T3
A
A1
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
B
Ecdysone
A5
A6
A7
EcR induced cascade;
cicadian signaling to CCAP neurons?
A5
A6
A7
Central clock
signals
PG peripheral
clock signals
CCAP &
Burs
α
pupal ecdysis
and eclosion
Figure 1.4 (A) Schematic summary of CCAP neurons (modified from
Veverytsa & Allan,
2012
). Distribution of the CCAP interneurons and efferents (CCAP-IN and CCAP-EN) sub-
esophageal (SE), thoracic (T), and abdominal (A) segments of Drosophila larval ventral
nerve cord (VNC). CCAP-PLs: posterior lateral CCAP neurons. (B) Diagram summarizing
the late differentiation of CCAP-ENs, their role in pupal ecdysis and eclosion, as well as
circadian inputs. Both, signaling from the PDF neurons and the peripheral clock in the
prothoracic gland are likely necessary to regulate eclosion rhythms (
Myers et al., 2003
).
comprising six neurons, the late CCAP-ENs (A5-A7) and the CCAP-PLs
(“posterior lateral CCAPs,” A8-A9), determined by the presence or absence
of the
Dachshund
marker, respectively (
Fig. 1.4
A). The late CCAP neurons
do not differentiate and do not extend out of the ventral nerve cord until
early pupariation. After differentiation they become competent to secrete
