Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
A
IBA
Torpor
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
B
100
18
Hibernation
16
80
14
60
12
10
40
HCRT
CARTPT
AGRP/NPY
LEP
8
6
20
0
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Figure 9.5 Food consumption and satiety signaling in hibernation. (A) Body tempera-
ture of a seasonal hibernator. The solid black line displays a representative trace of
annual core body temperature taken from a transmitter implanted in a thirteen-lined
ground squirrel. The red dashed line represents ambient temperature in the environ-
mental chamber. During hibernation (November 1 to March 31), the ambient temper-
ature is lowered to 5 C, food is removed, and the animals are kept in constant darkness.
During this time squirrels cycle through bouts of torpor and interbout arousals (IBAs).
IBAs represent brief returns to normothermia despite low ambient temperature. (B)
Food consumption and differential expression of orexigenic (HCRT, AGRP/NPY) and
anorexigenic (CARTPT, LEP) transcripts over the hibernation season. Food consumption
(g/day) is represented by the black line. Each point represents average daily consump-
tion over a week (n¼11). During the hibernation period, food is removed, so no con-
sumption is recorded. Error bars are standard error of the mean. Expression values of
orexigenic and anorexigenic genes are shown as the percentage of the maximum value.
HCRT (blue), AGRP/NPY (green), and CARTPT (orange), are taken from Illumina HiSeq
2000 transcriptome sequencing of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel hypothalamus
during October, Hibernation, and April (n¼3 for each point) ( Schwartz, Hampton, &
Andrews, 2013 ). LEP (yellow) is from the same method of sequencing of the white adi-
pose tissue (n¼2 for each point). Torpor and IBA were analyzed separately, but there
was no difference between them for all four genes, so they were combined into one
point (Hibernation). AGRP, agouti-related protein; CARTPT, cocaine and amphetamine
regulated transcript prepropeptide; HCRT, hypocretin (orexin) neuropeptide precursor;
IBA, interbout arousal; LEP, leptin; NPY, neuropeptide Y.
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