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method (analysis, implementation and evaluation) require having structured data.
According to principles frequently used in ergonomics, the collection of information
has therefore been built based on a grid enabling us to make the collection of
information systematic (time, place, media, action, commentary, etc.). This medium
also contributed to guaranteeing a certain homogeneity of records between the
different observers. The medium has been globally organized around activity
decomposition into cycles repeated in three phases: preparation of the strategy,
implementations of the action plan and capitalization of knowledge after the
activity; see Figure 2.4 [MOU 07].
This activity cycle can be repeated several times during an observation. If an
event disrupts the progress of an action plan, the user can be called on to make an
intermediary assessment, prepare a new plan, pursue its realization, etc. For
example, for the observation of a journey on public transport, the support of data
collection can be prepared according to the planned steps: planning of an itinerary at
the departure station, realization of the travel (travel on a line, connection, commute,
etc.), report at the end of the travel; if the travel is disrupted, an intermediary report
can be made and a new cycle is launched with a new plan, a new progression, etc.
Activity preparation
Action plan realization
Knowledge capitalization
Figure 2.4. Decomposition of an activity cycle into phases
2.4.3.2. Analysis of collected data
Once the data have been collected, the analysis consists of extracting the
specifications of the system linked to the user needs and named use-oriented
specification . This step calls for using formalisms to represent the activity. The
objective of this representation is to bring to the foreground significant elements of
the activity of the user into the context of use. The research works undertaken in the
domain of human-machine interfaces have given rise to numerous formalisms for
the modeling of tasks [DIA 04], [KOL 01]. These models enable us to build logical
trees linking user actions to a context represented by conditions and rules.
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