Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
- Navigation : sound of water (waves, streams, torrents), sound of oars,
electromagnetic waves, aquatic movement (boats, fish), etc.
- Vehicle : motor (starting, acceleration, stop), etc.
- Music : piano or guitar arpeggio, orchestral chord (percussion, strings), etc.
- Images : camera (clicking of the shutter, flash noise), etc.
- Videos : sound of the 16 mm projector (starting, scrolling, stop), etc.
The original sounds were edited and underwent processing such as segmentation,
breakdown into morphologically important modules (start ( attack ), body ( sustain ),
conclusion ( release )), re-composition by eliminating the unnecessary elements, and
final mixing.
The part relative to earcons in this initial (hybrid) solution was made based on
two generic resonator models:
- a rectangular plate fixed to its edges (like a drum);
- a free rectangular bar (like a xylophone).
The particularity of these models - and at the same time, of this first solution -
resides in the fact that the resonators thus modeled are set in motion, not by a
physical exciter (such as mallet) but by a numerical exciter, in this case the signal of
auditory icons. This approach operates in roughly the manner of a source/filter type
process: the source, which supplies the system in energy, being the numerical
excitation signal and the filter being the resonator - in this case mechanical - with
all the specific modes of resonance.
Thus, the control parameters of models (linked to sonification data) depend
largely on the nature of the auditory icon, which excites the resonator: dimensions,
thickness of the plate (or bar), damping coefficient, density of the material, number
of modes or distance between each input point (excitation) and output point
(listening) are use to make, in each case, the resonator compatible with the sound
file (auditory icon) used to make it vibrate.
8.4.2.2. “Museme” solution
The second solution implemented is directly inspired by the theories of
musicologist Philip Tagg, who defines a “museme” as a minimum of musical
significance composed of a simple series of pitches, rhythms, harmonies and tones
[TAG 82]. On a metaphorical level (the six menus of the first level of the tree), the
approach mainly tries to “mimic” the auditory icons established for the first solution.
This mimicry is obtained either by directly orchestrating the initial content of icons,
or by composing a musical equivalent; as follows:
Search WWH ::




Custom Search