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human-machine interfaces (HMIs), based on contextual analyses; to the
implementation of technical solutions and their evaluation on a dynamic truck
simulator.
7.2. Methodological principles for an anthropocentric design
The principle retained during the design of the VIVRE2 system was an
anthropocentric approach. This approach favors the identification, description and
explanation of various components of human functioning in interaction with
technical systems, such as assistance systems, for driving a vehicle. It is on this level
that the pluridisciplinary approaches make sense, by associating the benefit of
human sciences to that of engineering sciences.
7.2.1.
New assistance technologies and the driving of an industrial vehicle
In the field of road safety, the driver has always been considered the component
of the system that is at the origin of the majority of malfunctions. This is why
making road transport safer, the driving of industrial vehicles less strenuous and
aiding their insertion into road traffic requires us to have tools to aid decisions that,
in an environment is likely to be complex, can diffuse information adapted to the
context (for example, signal the presence of a pedestrian in a blind spot). It also
requires us to automate an increasing number of tasks that make up the driving
activity, even automatically activate decisive functions (for example, having
emergency breaking or immobilizer). For a more general approach to the current
concerns in terms of human-machine interactions in trucks and buses of the future,
we refer the reader to Chapter 6.
The design approach of the VIVRE2 system is based on the idea that the actions
of the driver must, in some cases, be able to be relayed by automatic devices capable
of re-establishing driving conditions that conform to criteria required by security. It
is not a matter of substituting the human with a machine, but rather defining a sphere
of protection that allows technological systems to intervene each time they are more
sufficient than the human decision [HAN 99].
Nonetheless, the rapid expansion of new technologies brings new problems,
particularly cognitive in nature, which it is advisable to take into consideration from
the design stage. Paradoxically, the addition of “intelligent” systems in vehicles
often increases the workload of drivers [MA 05] and the multiplication of
informative feedback can have a dispersive impact on attention and, consequently,
safety [PAR 97].
