Graphics Reference
In-Depth Information
FIG 5.75 Pulling on a rope over the
shoulder.
Throwing and Catching
Throwing an object over a distance with any degree of accuracy involves
a combination of coordination, synchronized action, control to achieve
accuracy, and power to successfully throw the object so that it reaches or
penetrates a chosen target.
Using the classification of the objectives of motion, we will find that throwing
an object uses balance, projection, a degree of manipulation, and a varying
level of effort, depending on the distance required, the weight of the object,
and the speed required. At its most basic level, a throwing action can be
undertaken by most people, including very young children. However, it may
also be a highly skilled activity involving accuracy, speed, and a very precise
angle of trajectory.
Techniques for throwing depend largely on the object being thrown.
A baseball is a very different object from a soccer ball, both of which are very
different from a Frisbee or a javelin. Throwing overarm is a different action
from throwing underarm or throwing with a flatter, more horizontal action.
Even when the thrown objects are very similar, different throwing actions may
be required. Throwing a javelin or a spear, ostensibly the same kind of object,
will vary depending on the reason for the throw.
An Olympic athlete attempting to gain the greatest possible distance with a
throw will use the entire body and include a run-up in the throw. Distance and
not accuracy is the most important objective for such a throw. By comparison, a
fisherman using a spear to catch fish will keep his body relatively static in space,
with the power of the throw coming from the arms, shoulders, and rotation of
the torso. In such a case, gaining maximum distance may not be a requirement,
but accuracy to hit the target and power to penetrate the prey are. A dart player
attempting to hit a very small and specific area of the dartboard requires far less
force because the distance between the thrower and the board is a fixed one
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