Graphics Reference
In-Depth Information
Steady Runs
An adult who is not running as part of some sporting or athletic activity may
do so in a very different manner from what we see while watching athletes
work out on the track. For most of the adult population, running at speed
is something that we do only very occasionally. Therefore the run that is
determined by lower stamina and poor technique will probably result in
shorter run durations with top speeds much reduced. When athletes run they
often make contact with the ground using the ball of the foot, whereas most
ordinary people, when running, make contact with the ground using the heel
of the foot first before the foot flattens.
FIG 5.60
Adult male fast run
sequence.
An adult running at a much steadier speed may be capable of running
for longer durations. The stride length will be noticeably shorter and the
frequency of stride slower.
Jogging
The dynamics of a jogging action share many similarities with a regular
running action. As you may expect, the overall principles are the same for
both. The jog has a suspension phase like the one in a running dynamic.
As we have already discussed, it is the inclusion of a suspension phase that
differentiates both the run and the jog from a walking action.
There are differences between a run and a jog, though these may be rather
subtle and one of degree rather than a clearly defined differentiation, as
between a walk and a run. Likewise, the transition between a jogging action
and a running action may not be as clear-cut as the transition between a walk
and a run or a walk and a jogging action.
In very general terms, the jog action is a much slower action than the run.
As we have already seen, the arm action in these forms of locomotion may
be considered a secondary action. That is, the arms contribute to the action
