Graphics Reference
In-Depth Information
A walk that is instigated by sadness may be slightly slower than a standard
walk. The stride may shorten, in some instances a great deal. The speed at
which the steps are taken will be reduced and there may be a degree more
bend at the knees. The figure may be held in a less upright position, with a
slight slouching posture, and the head may be held slightly downward. The
arms may also demonstrate far less of a swinging action, and there may even
be a tendency to walk with hands in pockets. In some extreme cases this type
of “sad” walk may result in a shuffling type of gait.
Running
Running is a gait that is undertaken once walking is no longer an effective
or efficient mode of locomotion and can no longer provide the required
speed of motion. A running gait has similarities with the walk cycle,
sharing some of the distinctive phases and, in the same manner as a walk
cycle, a running action can be broken into separate phases for ease of
analysis.
Although the run cycle includes the passing position, the stride is
replaced by a phase that distinguishes the running gait from a walk cycle.
This is the suspended phase . This phase is the point in the run cycle at
which the figure has both feet off the ground and is no longer supported
by either foot making contact with the ground. The walk cycle is classified
as having at any given point within the action at least one of the feet
making contact with the ground. Once both feet are no longer in contact
with the ground and the figure is in a state of suspension, the gait is
classified as a run.
In addition to the passing position and the suspension phases, I include four
other phases in the run cycle, breaking down the action into six distinctive
parts in total. These are:
The push
The suspended phase
First contact
Squash
The passing position
The extending phase
The role the arms play in the run remains a secondary action to what they
do in a walking gait, though the contribution they make to locomotion is
perhaps considerably greater in a running action. This is most evident in
sprinters, particularly during that period when they first leave the starting
blocks. Movement in the arms is far less extreme during a prolonged
running action or a jogging action. The arm action makes a contribution
to the overall action, but it is perfectly possible to run while keeping the
arms at one's side, though it is rather unnatural. The use of the arms in
a run may vary throughout the action and, as already been mentioned,
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