Graphics Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
Abduction
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
Adduction
FIG 5.17
Abduction, adduction,
hyperabduction, hyperadduction.
Hyperadduction
Hyperabduction
held straight at the elbow and the entire arm is fully elevated into a verti-
cal position, with the hand held above the head and the humerus aligned
with the femur.
•
Extension
. Extension describes the action of a flexed joint returning to its
straight position after it has been flexed.
•
Hyperflexion
. Hyperflexion refers only to the movement of the upper arm
and is achieved when the arm is extended beyond the vertical. In other
joints, the flexion action is physically limited by the contact of one part of
the body with another. The forearm may be flexed only to a point whereby
the lower arm comes into contact with the upper arm; likewise, when mov-
ing backward, the lower leg is restricted by its contact with the upper leg.
•
Hyperextension
. Hyperextension describes the position of a part of the
body that is moved to a point beyond the straight position at which it
