Graphics Reference
In-Depth Information
to achieve these different projections will, in all likelihood, be very different
from each other. To achieve accuracy in a projection, using such actions as
throwing or kicking may require far less force than a more controlled action.
For maximum speed of projection, perhaps as part of executing multiple
projections that require neither maximum distance nor accuracy, the action
will naturally be faster than an action suited for maximum accuracy and less
powerful than one aimed to achieve maximum distance or height.
Manipulation
Other than locomotion, it is perhaps
manipulation
that determines most
actions, particularly human actions. We learn from a very early age how to
manipulate objects, then quickly go on to learn how to use a wide range of
tools, from knives and forks to automobiles. Naturally we manipulate our own
bodies, just as all animals do, to move and undertake a wide range of actions
such as dance, communication, and exercise. We have the ability to manipulate
ourselves and objects to create patterns of action as part of a production
process used to make things: knitting, baking, drawing, or manipulating tools
in sequence. Communicating through a visual language such as sign language
may be considered manipulating one's own body to make patterns. We are
also capable of manipulating an external resistance or force—pulling or
pushing objects, controlling weights, or directing external dynamic forces.
Efort
The
effort
that goes into any given movement will also vary depending on the
nature of the movement and will naturally vary from individual to individual
and from activity to activity. The amount of effort and type of effort will also
vary and depend on whether maximum speed, power, or force is required.
Effort may be seen as a physical attribute but be defined by the individual's
physical and mental attributes.
Clearly these separate categories will overlap and several of the objectives may
be involved in undertaking a single action. An archer shooting an arrow at a
target will undertake a complex series of movements within a single action,
each of which may involve a number of these classifications: balance to achieve
stability of the figure so that the arrow may be aimed with accuracy, skillful
manipulation of the bow and string, strength and effort to provide the power to
achieve maximum distance, and a great deal of control, required to hit a target.
Our discussion should progress now to the body in motion by looking at
the different classifications of movement a figure or parts of a figure may
undertake and the terminology for some of these movements. All these
classifications may apply to different parts of the anatomy and are not limited
to the examples I give here. You will find examples of these classifications in
all the case studies given throughout the topic; once you read them, you will
be able to then go on to identify the different classifications of movements
within your own animation research.
