Graphics Reference
In-Depth Information
The rib cage provides protection for vital organs, the heart and lungs;
although the rib cage is a rigid structure, it too offers a degree of flexibility.
However, the rib cage plays no part in the generation of movement, nor does
it play any major part in enabling movement.
A couple of fairly common abnormalities in the spine may have an impact on
the movement and gait of individuals and so could be worth mentioning at
this point. A forward curve of the upper spine may be due to kyphosis. In the
young this abnormality is often described as a slouch; in the elderly it may be
known as a dowager's hump.
(a)
(b)
FIG 5.2 a: Forward curve of spine, slouch. b: Backwards curve, swayback.
A curve in the opposite direction—that is, backward—may be due to
lordosis, a condition also known as hollow back or swayback. In quadruped
animals this may also be known as saddleback. This backward curve of the
spine located at the lumbar region is a fairly common temporary condition
in pregnant women who adjust their gait to account for the additional
weight.
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