Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
3. Use data from Appendices A and F to compute a modern value of the sulfate residence
time in the ocean. Draw a sulfur cycle involving erosion, rivers, the ocean, ridges, and
the burial of sedimentary pyrite. Examine
Fig 9.8
and propose possible interpretations
to the fast
34
S oscillations in the Cretaceous and the Paleocene.
δ
References
Canfield, D. E. (2004) The evolution of the Earth surface sulfur reservoir.
Am.J.Sci.
,
304
,
839-861.
♠
Dansgaard, W. (1964) Stable isotopes in precipitation.
Tellus
,
16
, 436-468.
Farquhar, J., Bao, H. M., and Thiemens, M. (2000) Atmospheric influence of Earth's
earliest sulfur cycle.
Science
,
289
, 756-758.
Farrell, J. W. and Prell, W. L. (1989) Climatic change and CaCO
3
preservation: an
800 000 year bathymetric reconstruction from the Central Equatorial Pacific Ocean.
Paleoceanogr
.,
4
, 447-466.
Fike, D. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Pratt, L. M., and Summons, R. E. (2006) Oxidation of the
Ediacaran Ocean.
Nature
,
444
, 744-747.
Holland, H. D. (1973) Oceans - possible source of iron in iron-formations.
Econ. Geol.
,
68
, 1169-1172.
Kirschvink, J. L. (1992) Late Proterozoic low-latitude global glaciation: the Snowball
Earth. In
The Proterozoic Biosphere
(ed. J. W. Schopf and C. Klein), pp. 51-52.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lea, D. W. (2004) The 100, 000 year cycle in tropical SST, greenhouse forcing, and climate
sensitivity.
J. Clim.
,
17
, 2170-2179.
♠
Miller, S. L. and Urey, H. C. (1959) Organic compound synthesis on the primitive Earth,
Science
,
130
, 245-251.
Pagani, M., Zachos, J. C., Freeman, K. H., Tipple, B., and Bohaty, S. (2005) Marked
decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations during the Paleogene.
Science
,
309
, 600-603.
Paytan, A., Kastner, M., Campbell, D., and Thiemens, M. H. (2004) Seawater sulfur isotope
fluctuations in the Cretaceous.
Science
,
304
, 1663-1665.
Petit, J. R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D.,
et al
. (1999) Climate and atmospheric history of the
past 420 000 years from the Vostok ice core.
Nature
,
399
, 429-439.
♠
Shackleton, N. J. and Hall, M. A. (1984) Carbon isotope data from Leg 74 sediments.
Init. Repts. DSDP
,
74
, 613-619.
Zachos, J. C., Dickens, G. R., and Zeebe, R. E. (2008) An early Cenozoic perspective on
greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics.
Nature
,
451
, 279-283.