Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
to woolly apple aphid and collar rot. It is still used in South Africa but has
been largely replaced by other rootstocks.
'Jork
'
(
'J.
'
) was selected from a population of open-pollinated seedlings of
'M.
' at Jork in Germany and introduced as a clonal rootstock in
. Trees
on it are of similar vigour or slightly smaller than those on 'M.
EMLA'. It
is rather more resistant to low winter temperatures than 'M.
', has a simi-
lar or even more positive effect on productivity and its use results in larger
fruits. It is very susceptible to fire blight and woolly apple aphid. It is easy to
propagate.
'Mark'
(
'MAC.
'
) originated in East Lansing, Michigan, being selected by
R.F. Carlson from seedlings from open-pollinated seeds of 'M.
' and intro-
duced in
EMLA' and
with similar productivity. It is tolerant of
Phytophthora
and common latent
viruses and more winter-hardy than 'M.
. It gives trees similar in size to those on 'M.
' but is susceptible to fire blight and
woolly apple aphid. Fruits from trees on 'Mark' tend to be smaller than from
those on 'M.
' and tissue proliferates at the soil line in a way which might be
deleterious.
'Maruba-kaido N-
'
is a clone of a weeping form of 'Maruba-kaido' (
Malus
prunifolia ringo
) selected by Koike and Tsukahara. It is semi-vigorous, winter-
hardy, resistant to woolly apple aphid and collar rot but susceptible to chlorotic
leaf spot virus and stem grooving virus. It is usually used with a dwarfing
interstem, originally 'M.
' free from latent
chlorotic leaf spot virus (which caused incompatibility) are available these and
some 'CG.' series interstems are often used. This is the most used rootstock
in Japan (Ogata
et al
.,
', but now that clones of 'M.
) although 'M.
' is increasingly used to obtain fruit
size and colour.
Malus prunifolia
and
M. sieversii
seedlings are also widely used in China for
their drought and cold tolerance with 'M.
' as a dwarfing interstem.
'Antonovka'
seedlings are still used in eastern Europe and the countries of the
former USSR for their cold tolerance, either giving large trees or being used
with a dwarfing interstem of the 'B.' or 'P.' series.
M.
domestica
seedlings, from fruits of the main scion cultivar, are still used
in South Africa on soils of very low fertility; but in general such seedlings are
passing out of commercial use.
Cold-tolerant dwarfing and semi-dwarfing rootstocks are still being actively
sought in a number of breeding programmes.
'Budagovsky
×
'
(
'B.
'
) has 'M.
' and 'Red Standard' as parents and was intro-
duced in
by V.I. Budagovsky of the Michurinsk College of Agriculture. It
is slightly more dwarfing than 'M.
', induces precocious and heavy cropping,
is very resistant to
Phytophthora
and is tolerant of the common latent viruses
but is susceptible to fire blight and woolly apple aphid. It has been successfully
used as a dwarfing interstem especially in Poland.
