Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Estimates of production of different apple cultivars
Share of production (%) of the
c
. % of world production with
available data - to - .
Table
.
Cultivar
%
/
%
/
%
/
(Red) 'Delicious'
.
.
.
'Golden Delicious'
.
.
.
'Fuji'
.
.
.
'Granny Smith'
.
.
.
'Jonagold'
.
.
.
'Gala'/'Royal Gala'
.
.
.
'Idared'
.
.
.
'Jonathan'
.
.
.
'Rome Beauty'
.
.
.
'McIntosh'
.
.
.
'Elstar'
.
.
.
'Braeburn'
.
.
.
'Cox's Orange Pippin'
a
.
.
.
Others
.
.
.
a
In / 'Cortland' (. ), 'Reinette' (.) and 'Newton' (.)
all had higher output than 'Cox'.
Data from Belrose ( , ). Reproduced with permission.
, 'Delicious', 'Golden Delicious', 'Granny
Smith', 'Jonathan', 'Rome Beauty', 'McIntosh', 'Braeburn' and 'Cox's Orange
Pippin' all originated as chance seedlings. 'Fuji' was bred by crossing 'Ralls
Janet' with 'Delicious', 'Jonagold' is a 'Golden Delicious'
Of the cultivars listed in Table
.
×
'Jonathan' cross,
'Gala' is a 'Kidd's Orange Red'
×
'Golden Delicious' cross, 'Idared' a
'Jonathan'
'Ingrid
Marie' cross. None of them comes 'true-to-type' from seed, so all of them
are maintained and multiplied vegetatively before being grafted or budded
on to rootstocks. This has not however, precluded selection for 'improved'
strains within each of these cultivars. These strains have usually been naturally-
occurring bud-sports. A bud-sport is a mutation arising in a cell from which a
bud develops, which results in the production of a shoot that differs from the
plant on which it was produced, often mainly in one character. The most com-
monly selected mutations are those which are highly visible. Increases in the
amount of anthocyanin in the outer cell layers of the fruit skin give rise to 'red
sports' which may have differences in both the surface area which is coloured
red and the intensity of the pigmentation (Dayton,
×
'Wagener' cross, and 'Elstar' a 'Golden Delicious'
×
). Other sports show a
reduced tendency to russet. Yet others are of different growth habit: mutation
fairly frequently giving rise to branches of very compact, heavily-spurred habit
(i.e. with little lateral vegetative shoot production), which are clothed in fruit-
ing spurs close together. These have given rise to many compact or 'spur-type'
