Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN
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27
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A
gricultural Drought in Vietnam
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Line
——
*
21.
——
Norm
* PgEn
Vietnam is located between 8°22'N and 23°22'N latitude and between
102°10'E and 109°21'E longtitude. The country has a geographical area
>
333,000 km
2
and a coastline
>
3000 km long. Vietnam is situated in
the typhoon center of the East Sea (Bien Dong), which is one of the five
largest typhoon centers of the world, and it has a complicated topography
ranging from narrow, low plains to steep, high mountains. Floods occur
with high frequency, and drought occurs with medium frequency in Viet-
nam. If monthly rainfall is less than 50 mm, drought is considered to have
occurred during the month.
The climate of Vietnam is strongly influenced by mountainous terrain
and by the northeast and southeast monsoons. The rainfall season, which
usually begins in May-June and ends in November-December, accounts
for about 75-85% of the total annual rainfall. The period from November-
December to April-May is usually dry and is prone to droughts.
Vietnam has been divided into seven agricultural regions (figure 27.1):
(1) north mountain and midland region, (2) northern delta region (Red
River delta), (3) north-central region, (4) south-central region, (5) central
highland region (Taynguyen platour), (6) southeast region, and (7) south-
ern delta region (Mekong River delta). The rainfall distribution is un-
even due to complex terrain conditions. While some places (in the north
mountain, central, and central highland regions) receive 3000-4000 mm
of rainfall annually, other places (such as Phanthiet and Phanrang of the
south-central region) receive only 750-800 mm in a year. Rice and maize
are the major crops in Vietnam, whose regional distributions are given in
table 27.1. Table 27.2 shows rice area lost due to droughts during 1980-99
in different regions of Vietnam.
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