Agricultural Drought Phenomenon in Latin America with Focus on Brazil - Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought: A Global Study - page 159

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Table 12.1 Production losses due to climate anomalies including
droughts that occurred in Brazil during 1978-85 (Mota, 1987)
and 1991-94 (Rossetti, 2001)

Percentage of loss

1978-85 1991-94

Crop Entire Brazil Entire Brazil Northeastern Brazil

Corn 23 41 71

Soybeans 29 23 —

Rice 37 47

Beans 32 41

Average 26 33 53

[159

in drought monitoring is FUNCEME (Fundaç ao Cearense de Meteorolo-
gi a, Ceará State Meteorological Foundation), in northeastern Brazil. The
FU NCEME carries out research on monitoring and conducting a hydro-
m eteorological surveillance in the northeast Brazil; however, no specific
in dices are used to monitor droughts. Recently, the Agronomic Institute
in S ao Paulo state has begun a weekly drought monitoring evaluation by
co nsidering both agricultural and hydrological aspects. Such an evaluation
w ill contribute to the development of public policy for drought mitigation
an d natural disaster preparedness.

Line
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11.
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Long
* PgEn

[159

Pr ecipitation Anomaly from Potential Evapotranspiration

Th e anomaly of annual precipitation (P) from potential evapotranspiration
(PET),

is shown for some locations in Brazil, Argentina, Chile,

Figure 12.3 The variation in maize production from 1989 to 2000 for the central southern
region of Brazil. Data for 1996-97 was not available.