Industrial Waste Aggregates - Recycled Aggregate in Concrete - page 62

Kou et al. ( 2009 ) produced PVC plastics granules by grinding scraped PVC
pipes into small granules with about 95 % passing the 5 mm sieve.
Panyakapo and Panyakapo ( 2008 ) prepared an aggregate by grinding melamine
waste. In this study, the ground melamine waste, retained by ASTM sieve numbers
10-40, was used.
In the Hannawi et al. ( 2010 ) investigation polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and
polycarbonate (PC) waste was obtained from an industry.
Fraj et al. ( 2010 ) used the coarse rigid polyurethane foam waste with size range of
8-20 mm as coarse aggregate, which came from the destruction of insulation panels
used in building industry. In order to maintain a comparable aggregate size distribution
in the various concrete compositions this waste was sieved into five different size
ranges. Mounanga et al. ( 2008 ) reported the behaviour of lightweight cement mortar
containing rigid polyurethane foam waste with 0-10 mm size range as aggregate,
which also came from the destruction of insulation panels used in building industry.
Laukaitis et al. ( 2005 ) used crumbled recycled foam polystyrene waste as well
as spherical large and fine blown polystyrene waste in his investigation. Poly-
styrene granules of three types: blown (large ? fine) and crumbled were used in
this study. The crumbled granules were produced by mechanically disintegrating
unusable or poor quality polystyrene slabs and from recycled polystyrene foam
plastic. The foam was beaten for 5 min in a horizontal beater, which expanded the
foam volume by 40 times. The hydrophilisated polystyrene granules were prepared
by soaking in water and under water saturated condition in vacuum desiccators.
Choi et al. ( 2009 ) prepared an aggregate by mixing granulated waste PET-bottle
with powdered river sand at 250 C. After air-cooling the mixture, the prepared
aggregate and remaining powdered sand fraction was screened by using a 0.15 mm
sieve. Choi et al. ( 2005 ) also prepared another type of plastic-based aggregate by
mixing powdered blast furnace slag with granulated waste PET-bottle at 250 C.
The schematic diagram to produce PET aggregate according to Choi et al. ( 2009 )
is presented in Fig. 2.12 .
Kan and Demirboga ( 2009 ) prepared an aggregate from waste-expanded
polystyrene (EPS) foams. This modified waste-expanded polystyrene (MEPS)
aggregate was prepared by melting EPS foam waste in a hot air oven at 130 C for
15 min. The aggregate was separated into two size fractions similar to those of
natural aggregate: 0-4 mm (fine aggregate) and 4-16 mm (coarse aggregate).
2.7.3 Evaluation of Properties of Plastic Aggregate
The major property, evaluated in almost all waste plastic aggregate related studies,
was their size grading that was generally done by standard sieving methods
(Batayneh et al. 2007 ; Frigione 2010 ; Ismail and Al-Hashmi 2008 ; Kou et al. 2009 ;
Panyakapo and Panyakapo 2008 ; Marzouk et al. 2007 ). However Albano et al.
( 2009 ) adopted a different approach to estimate the size distribution of plastic
aggregate. In his approach, sizes of the plastic aggregate were measured by means