Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.22
Physical properties of quarry rock dust and natural sand (Ilangovana et al.
2008
)
Properties
Quarry rock dust
Fine sand
Specific gravity
2.54-2.60
2.60
Bulk relative density (kg/m
3
)
1,720-1,810
1,460
Water absorption (%)
1.2-1.5
Nil
Moisture content (%)
Nil
1.5
Particles finer than 0.075 mm (%)
12-15
6
Sieve analysis (Indian standard specification)
Zone II
Zone II
Table 2.23 Oxide
composition of quarry rock
dust and natural sand
(Ilangovana et al.
2008
)
Oxide constituents
Quarry rock dust (%)
Natural sand (%)
SiO
2
62.48
80.78
Al
2
O
3
18.72
10.52
Fe
2
O
3
6.54
1.75
CaO
4.83
3.21
MgO
2.56
0.77
Na
2
O
Nil
1.37
K
2
O
3.18
1.23
TiO
2
1.21
Nil
Loss on ignition
0.48
0.37
forces. In the following paragraphs, the aggregate properties of some ceramic
waste will be discussed.
The waste used by Senthamarai and Devadas (
2005
) as coarse aggregate in the
preparation of normal concrete was collected from a ceramic electrical insulator
industry. The material was too big to be fed into a crushing machine and therefore
it was broken into small pieces of about 100-150 mm with a hammer. The surface
was also deglazed manually by chisel and hammer. These small pieces were then
fed into a jaw crusher to reach the required 20 mm size.
The various physical properties of waste as well as those of natural aggregates
are presented in Table
2.24
. According to the same authors, the properties of
ceramic waste aggregate were similar to those of natural crushed stone aggregate.
The specific gravity and fineness modulus of aggregate were 2.45 and 6.88
respectively. The surface texture of the ceramic waste aggregate was found to be
smoother than that of crushed stone aggregate. In the soundness test, after 30 cycles,
the weight loss of ceramic waste aggregate was 51 % less than that of conventional
crushed stone aggregate, since ceramics are more resistant to all chemicals.
Binici (
2007
) used ceramic industry waste as a partial replacement of fine
aggregate (40-60 %) in the preparation of normal concrete. The bigger waste
pieces were processed into the 4 mm or less size range by a procedure similar to
that adopted by Senthamarai and Devadas (
2005
). The size grading of the waste
ceramic fine aggregate was suitable for concrete production. The various physical
properties of the waste aggregate are given in Table
2.25
along with those of
conventional fine aggregate. Like the coarse aggregate properties of ceramic waste
