Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
two states allergic to each other without the development of strong economic,
cultural and political ties.
NOTES
1.
For a fuller explication of the 'India emerging' literature and a more
comprehensive assessment see Stephen P.Cohen,
India: Emerging Power
(Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press 2001).
2.
This term is my own. The most insightful thinker on how hostile groups or crowds
are generated is Elias Canetti, whose topic
Crowds and Power
(New York: Seabury
Press 1978) is a modern classic. For the perspective of a clinical psychologist who
has studied the origins of ethnic conflict and war, see Vamik D.Volkan,
The Need
to Have Enemies and Allies: From
Clinical Practice to International Relationships
(New York: Jason Aronson 1988).
3.
For a sympathetic explication of Jinnah's views after Partition, especially in his
speeches of 11 and 14 August 1947, see Akbar S.Ahmed,
Jinnah, Pakistan and
Islamic Identity: The
Search for Saladin
(Karachi: Oxford University Press 1997).
4.
For discussion of this process see Volkan,
The Need to Have Enemies and Allies
(note 2) pp.155 ff.
5.
However, several distinguished military experts have discussed the India—China
border conflict with insight and imagination. See Maj.-Gen. D.K.Palit,
War in High
Himalaya: the
Indian Army in Crisis, 1962
(London: C.Hurst 1991).
6.
An influential and authoritative Pakistan army interpretation of India can be found
in Brig. Javed Hussain,
India: A Study in Profile
(Rawalpindi: Army Press 1990).
7.
For a comprehensive statement of this view see the writing of Dr Ayesha Jalal,
especially
Democracy and Authoritarianism in South Asia: A Comparative and
Historical Perspective
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1995).
8.
U.S.Bajpai,
India's Security: The Politico-Strategic Environment
(New Delhi:
Lancers Publishers 1983) pp.70-71.
9.
For a selection of contemporary Indian writing on Pakistan, much of it by present
and former police and intelligence officials, see Rajeev Sharma (ed.),
The Pakistan
Trap
(New Delhi: UBSPD 2001).
10.
Ibid. pp.70-71.
11.
Ibid. p.73.
12.
For a fuller discussion of Pakistan's approach to India see Stephen P.Cohen,
The
Pakistan
Army
(2nd ed.) (Karachi: Oxford University Press 1998).
13.
Ibid. pp.141 ff.
14.
For a contemporary Pakistani discussion of Jinnah's secularism see Ahmed,
Jinnah
and
Islamic Identity
(note 3).
15.
This image is vividly conveyed to a second and third generation of Indians (and
others) by the portrayal of Jinnah in the Attenborough film,
Gandhi
(1982). A
concern with this negative image led the distinguished Pakistani academic-
administrator, Akbar Ahmed, to produce several films that offer a more realistic
portrayal of Jinnah's personal and professional life.
16.
The civilizational gap between Islamic Pakistan and (largely Hindu but formally
secular) India was a theme of Girilal Jain, one of India's most brilliant journalists.
