HTML and CSS Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 1
The Basics
In this chapter, we will cover
•
the basic structure of an HTML document
•
the html, head, title, script, style, body, img, and a elements
•
a Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) example
•
a JavaScript code example, using Date and document.write
Introduction
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the language for delivering content on the Web. HTML is not owned
by anyone, but is the result of people working in many countries and many organizations to define the
features of the language. An HTML document is a text document which you can produce using any text
editor. HTML documents contain elements surrounded by tags—text that starts with a < symbol and ends
with a > symbol. An example of a tag is
<img src="home.gif"/>
. This particular tag will display the image
held in the file home.gif. These tags are the
markup
. It is through the use of tags that hyperlinks, images,
and other media are included in web pages.
Basic HTML can include directives for formatting in a language called Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and
programs for interaction in a language called JavaScript. Browsers, such as Firefox and Chrome, interpret
the HTML along with any CSS and JavaScript to produce what we experience when we visit a web site.
HTML holds the content of the web site, with tags providing information on the nature and structure of the
content as well as references to images and other media. CSS specifies the formatting. The same content
can be formatted in different ways. JavaScript is a programming language thats used to make the web
site dynamic and interactive. In all but the smallest working groups, different people may be responsible
for the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, but its always a good idea to have a basic understanding of how
these different tools work together. If you are already familiar with the basics of HTML and how CSS and
JavaScript can be added together, you may want to skip ahead to the next chapter. Still, it may be worth
casting your eye over the content in this chapter, to make sure you are up to speed on everything before
we start on the first core examples.
