Information Technology Reference
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proxy pad. The wrapping of Web applications, however, required a special
technology. Our group developed two wrapping technologies, Chip in 2003 [13][14]
(Figure 10) and C3W in 2004 [15][16] (Figure 11). Both of them enable us to specify
some input forms of an arbitrary Web application and some portions of its output
page to work as respectively input ports and output ports, and to create a pad
embodying the function with these IO ports extracted from this Web application.
These technologies are applicable to any Web applications whose output pages are
not generated by Java script.
clipping
clipping
cloning (multiplexing)
connecting
Web clips
C←B
clipping
Fig. 11.
C3W framework for the knowledge federation of more than one Web application
5
Knowledge Federation
Around the same time we observed a new demand of federating existing data sets,
tools and services both in complex enterprise systems and open Web environments.
Big enterprises were suffering from how to integrate applications, that were
developed independently for different purposes, to keep the integrity. Data integrity
was actually the main purpose of having introduced database management systems for
the integrated management of data across different departments. While DBMS
guarantees the data integrity at the data storage level, use of PCs at the client side
made it easy to develop a huge number of applications for different purposes without
considering the integrity across different data processing applications. Furthermore,
some applications should refer to the output of other applications, which requires the
coordination of more than one application interoperating with each other. The open
Web environment, on the other hand, significantly increased reusable data sets,
applications, and services that are open for public use. Even a conventionally closed
application system may consider the use of some related open data sets, applications,
or services to enhance its evidence-based analysis and/or decision making.
