Growth into a Scientific Discipline: The Nineteenth Century - Important Figures of Analytical Chemistry from Germany in Brief Biographies - page 70

Fig. 3.16 Portrait of
Clemens Winkler (1838-
1904)
in Ludwigshafen at BASF). Winkler (for portrait see Fig. 3.16 ) improved
Bunsen's gas analysis together with Walter Hempel [ 172 - 177 ], designed an
apparatus for the provision of H 2 S in the analytical laboratory [ 178 ], built
the first industrial flue-gas desulfurization system and published on titrimetry
[ 179 - 183 ].
Without a doubt, his most significant result was the detection of the new ele-
ment germanium in 1886, as proof of both his analytical accuracy and consist-
ence, as well as of the prophecy of Mendeleev. Winkler experienced a difference
of 7 % in his analyses of the mineral argyrodite, and he searched until he detected
a new element. He named it germanium (indium and gallium had been revealed
and named before). The properties of this element fulfilled very satisfyingly the
expectations of Mendeleev for his ekasilicium at the presumed gap in the fourth
(now 14th) group between silicium and tin [ 184 , 185 ].
His publications reflect broad interests and activities of Winkler [ 186 , 187 ],
most of them belonging or related to analytical chemistry [ 188 - 193 ].
More details are to befound at [ 194 - 197 ].
Theodor Heinrich B ehrens (born 1843 Büsum/Holstein, died 1905)
Behrens studied physics and chemistry at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität
zu Kiel, where he was graduated with a meteorological dissertation (1866) and
became Privatdozent (Assistant Professor) in 1871. From 1874, he was Professor