Growth into a Scientific Discipline: The Nineteenth Century - Important Figures of Analytical Chemistry from Germany in Brief Biographies - page 62

Fig. 3.9 Portrait of Gustav
Robert Kirchhoff (1824-
1887)
the transmitted light portion on the concentration of absorbing solutes (1852 [ 104 ]),
while Lambert described in 1760 the dependence on the layer diameter and published
the topic Photometria . At almost the same time, Pierre Bouguer (1698-1758) and F.
Bernard have found the same effects and laws [ 32 , p. 337f, 105 - 107 ].
Beer published in 1848 De situ axium opticorum in crystallis biaxibus and in
1854 Einführung in die höhere Optik (Introduction into the higher optics [ 108 ]),
besides other papers on electrostatics, electromechanics, capillarity and refraction
indices. A planned textbook summarizing mathematical physics was not finished
due to his early death and was issued posthume in parts Einleitung in die Lehre
vom Magnetismus und die Elektrodynamik (Introduction into the knowledge of
magnetism and electrodynamics, 1865 [ 109 ]) and Einleitung in die mathematische
Theorie der Elastizität und Kapillarität (Introduction in the mathematical theory
of elasticity and capillarity, 1869 [ 110 ]).
Further details can be found at [ 111 , 112 ].
Felix Imanuel H oppe -S eyler ( born 26 December 1825, Freyburg/Unstrut; died
10 August 1895 Wasserburg/Bodensee)
Born as Felix Hoppe, he renamed himself Hoppe-Seyler in appreciation for his
growing up at the home of his relative Seyler. He studied medicine at the universi-
ties Halle, Leipzig, Berlin, Prague and Vienna, and graduated with a PhD in 1850
at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin.
After practising as a physician for 2 years beginning in 1852 ( Arbeitshaus Berlin ),
he worked as Prosektor (pathologist) at Königliche Universität zu Greifswald (now
Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald), researched on topics in physiologi-
cal chemistry and medicine and habilitated there in 1854. Subsequently, he became